International Foundation in Business and Management
Prepare for direct entry to Year 1 of an undergraduate degree in Economics, Finance, Marketing and Management related subjects at Newcastle University.
Course features
- Develop the knowledge and skills for your chosen degree through a specialist pathway.
- Guaranteed university placement for all successful students. Find out more about our money back guarantee.
- Adapt to studying in the UK thanks to modules designed to equip you with the skills you need for university.
- Guidance with your university applications, so you choose the best degree for you.
Your course options
View detailed course content by selecting one of the options below:
How do I qualify?
| English language requirements: |
IELTS 5.5 (with a minimum of 4.5 in any subskill) or equivalent. Some exclusions exist. |
| Age requirements: | 16 years and above All students commencing courses for the September start date must be 16 years old by 1st September of that calendar year. For the June intake for the Extended course, students must be 16 before registering at the centre. For all other start dates, students must be 16 years old by 1st September of the preceding calendar year. __Therefore students must have turned 17 before 1st September of the year they progress to university. __ |
| Academic requirements: | Completion of 12 years of schooling (or the local equivalent to meet the same standard) with good grades. |
| Entry requirements additional information: | For students intending to progress to Newcastle Law School: 3 term: IELTS 6.0 (with a minimum of 5.5 in all subskills) or equivalent 4 term: IELTS 5.5 (with a minimum of 5.0 in all subskills) or equivalent |
Are you top of your class? At INTO Newcastle University, we are committed to awarding gifted international students with academic scholarships, helping them achieve their goals of studying at a world-class university in the UK.
With a range of generous scholarships on offer for the highest-achieving students, you could be eligible to receive up to £20,000 towards your tuition fees.
Dates and prices
| Start date | End date | Course length | Fees |
| 23 September 2019 | 12 June 2020 |
3 Terms
View Term dates |
£18,995 |
| 6 January 2020 | 4 September 2020 |
3 Terms
View Term dates |
£18,995 |
Class information
| Class hours: |
26 hours per week minimum |
| Maximum class size (for English language teaching): | 18 |
| Class duration: |
Typically held Monday to Friday between 08.00 - 19.00 excluding bank holidays. However, there may be instances where classes need to be held outside these times due to unforeseen circumstances. |
Where will it take me?
Do you want a career in financial management in the global marketplace? If so, then this is the degree for you.
You’ll study topics including corporate finance, financial accounting and international financial management, and will develop your understanding of modern economics including economic modelling and micro- and macro-economic theory.
Plus, the degree offers exemptions for some of the professional examinations of the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants, Association of International Accountants, Chartered Institute of Management Accountants and Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales.
What will I study?
All students complete modules tailored to your chosen degree subjects.
Please note that the module descriptions shown are for the 2019/20 academic year.
How will I be assessed?
Entry to degrees at Newcastle University is highly competitive, so you must maintain high standards throughout your pathway programme.
Your grades during the International Foundation don't count towards your final degree, but your performance will determine if you meet the progression requirements needed.
Throughout your programme you'll be given feedback from teachers to keep you on track. You'll also be assessed through exams and coursework including:
- reports
- field notebooks
- written essays
- practical exercises
- group and individual research projects
- bibliographical searches
- oral and video presentations
- problem solving
How do I qualify?
| English language requirements: |
IELTS 5.0 (with a minimum of 4.5 in all subskills) or equivalent. Some exclusions exist. |
| Age requirements: | 16 years and above All students commencing courses for the September start date must be 16 years old by 1st September of that calendar year. For the June intake for the Extended course, students must be 16 before registering at the centre. For all other start dates, students must be 16 years old by 1st September of the preceding calendar year. __Therefore students must have turned 17 before 1st September of the year they progress to university. __ |
| Academic requirements: | Completion of 12 years of schooling (or the local equivalent to meet the same standard) with good grades. |
| Entry requirements additional information: | For students intending to progress to Newcastle Law School: 3 term: IELTS 6.0 (with a minimum of 5.5 in all subskills) or equivalent 4 term: IELTS 5.5 (with a minimum of 5.0 in all subskills) or equivalent |
Are you top of your class? At INTO Newcastle University, we are committed to awarding gifted international students with academic scholarships, helping them achieve their goals of studying at a world-class university in the UK.
With a range of generous scholarships on offer for the highest-achieving students, you could be eligible to receive up to £20,000 towards your tuition fees.
Dates and prices
| Start date | End date | Course length | Fees |
| 23 September 2019 | 4 September 2020 |
4 Terms
View Term dates |
£23,895 |
| 25 June 2020 | 11 June 2021 |
4 Terms
View Term dates |
* |
*Please note the dates and prices for this programme option are not yet confirmed. We will confirm all dates and prices for the academic year 2020-2021 on or before 20 January 2020, with the prices being subject to a maximum increase of up to 5% on the prices for the current academic year. If you submit an application prior to this date and are eligible to be issued with an offer of a place it will contain pricing for the current academic year. If you accept an offer and confirm your place before 20 January 2020 you will be charged the current price. If you accept an offer and confirm your place on or after 20 January 2020 the increased prices will apply and we will issue you with a new offer showing the new prices payable by you.
Class information
| Class hours: |
26 hours per week minimum |
| Maximum class size (for English language teaching): | 18 |
| Class duration: |
Typically held Monday to Friday between 08.00 - 19.00 excluding bank holidays. However, there may be instances where classes need to be held outside these times due to unforeseen circumstances. |
Where will it take me?
Do you want a career in financial management in the global marketplace? If so, then this is the degree for you.
You’ll study topics including corporate finance, financial accounting and international financial management, and will develop your understanding of modern economics including economic modelling and micro- and macro-economic theory.
Plus, the degree offers exemptions for some of the professional examinations of the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants, Association of International Accountants, Chartered Institute of Management Accountants and Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales.
What will I study?
All students complete modules tailored to your chosen degree subjects.
Please note that the module descriptions shown are for the 2019/20 academic year.
How will I be assessed?
Entry to degrees at Newcastle University is highly competitive, so you must maintain high standards throughout your pathway programme.
Your grades during the International Foundation don't count towards your final degree, but your performance will determine if you meet the progression requirements needed.
Throughout your programme you'll be given feedback from teachers to keep you on track. You'll also be assessed through exams and coursework including:
- reports
- field notebooks
- written essays
- practical exercises
- group and individual research projects
- bibliographical searches
- oral and video presentations
- problem solving
How do I qualify?
| English language requirements: |
IELTS 5.5 (with a minimum of 4.5 in any subskill) or equivalent. Some exclusions exist. |
| Age requirements: | 16 years and above All students commencing courses for the September start date must be 16 years old by 1st September of that calendar year. For the June intake for the Extended course, students must be 16 before registering at the centre. For all other start dates, students must be 16 years old by 1st September of the preceding calendar year. __Therefore students must have turned 17 before 1st September of the year they progress to university. __ |
| Academic requirements: | Completion of 12 years of schooling (or the local equivalent to meet the same standard) with good grades. |
| Entry requirements additional information: | For students intending to progress to Newcastle Law School: 3 term: IELTS 6.0 (with a minimum of 5.5 in all subskills) or equivalent 4 term: IELTS 5.5 (with a minimum of 5.0 in all subskills) or equivalent |
Are you top of your class? At INTO Newcastle University, we are committed to awarding gifted international students with academic scholarships, helping them achieve their goals of studying at a world-class university in the UK.
With a range of generous scholarships on offer for the highest-achieving students, you could be eligible to receive up to £20,000 towards your tuition fees.
Dates and prices
| Start date | End date | Course length | Fees |
| 21 September 2020 | 11 June 2021 |
3 Terms
View Term dates |
* |
| 4 January 2021 | 3 September 2021 |
3 Terms
View Term dates |
* |
*Please note the dates and prices for the academic year 2020-2021 are not yet confirmed. We will confirm all dates and prices for the academic year 2020-2021 on or before 20 January 2020, with the prices being subject to a maximum increase of up to 5% on the prices for the current academic year. If you submit an application prior to this date and are eligible to be issued with an offer of a place it will contain pricing for the current academic year. If you accept an offer and confirm your place before 20 January 2020 you will be charged the current price. If you accept an offer and confirm your place on or after 20 January 2020 the increased prices will apply and we will issue you with a new offer showing the new prices payable by you.
Class information
| Class hours: |
26 hours per week minimum |
| Maximum class size (for English language teaching): | 18 |
| Class duration: |
Typically held Monday to Friday between 08.00 - 19.00 excluding bank holidays. However, there may be instances where classes need to be held outside these times due to unforeseen circumstances. |
Where will it take me?
Do you want a career in financial management in the global marketplace? If so, then this is the degree for you.
You’ll study topics including corporate finance, financial accounting and international financial management, and will develop your understanding of modern economics including economic modelling and micro- and macro-economic theory.
Plus, the degree offers exemptions for some of the professional examinations of the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants, Association of International Accountants, Chartered Institute of Management Accountants and Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales.
What will I study?
All students complete modules tailored to your chosen degree subjects.
Please note that the module descriptions shown are for the 2019/20 academic year.
How will I be assessed?
Entry to degrees at Newcastle University is highly competitive, so you must maintain high standards throughout your pathway programme.
Your grades during the International Foundation don't count towards your final degree, but your performance will determine if you meet the progression requirements needed.
Throughout your programme you'll be given feedback from teachers to keep you on track. You'll also be assessed through exams and coursework including:
- reports
- field notebooks
- written essays
- practical exercises
- group and individual research projects
- bibliographical searches
- oral and video presentations
- problem solving
How do I qualify?
| English language requirements: |
IELTS 5.0 (with a minimum of 4.5 in all subskills) or equivalent. Some exclusions exist. |
| Age requirements: | 16 years and above All students commencing courses for the September start date must be 16 years old by 1st September of that calendar year. For the June intake for the Extended course, students must be 16 before registering at the centre. For all other start dates, students must be 16 years old by 1st September of the preceding calendar year. __Therefore students must have turned 17 before 1st September of the year they progress to university. __ |
| Academic requirements: | Completion of 12 years of schooling (or the local equivalent to meet the same standard) with good grades. |
| Entry requirements additional information: | For students intending to progress to Newcastle Law School: 3 term: IELTS 6.0 (with a minimum of 5.5 in all subskills) or equivalent 4 term: IELTS 5.5 (with a minimum of 5.0 in all subskills) or equivalent |
Are you top of your class? At INTO Newcastle University, we are committed to awarding gifted international students with academic scholarships, helping them achieve their goals of studying at a world-class university in the UK.
With a range of generous scholarships on offer for the highest-achieving students, you could be eligible to receive up to £20,000 towards your tuition fees.
Dates and prices
| Start date | End date | Course length | Fees |
| 21 September 2020 | 3 September 2021 |
4 Terms
View Term dates |
* |
| 24 June 2021 | 10 June 2022 |
4 Terms
View Term dates |
* |
*Please note the dates and prices for the academic year 2020-2021 are not yet confirmed. We will confirm all dates and prices for the academic year 2020-2021 on or before 20 January 2020, with the prices being subject to a maximum increase of up to 5% on the prices for the current academic year. If you submit an application prior to this date and are eligible to be issued with an offer of a place it will contain pricing for the current academic year. If you accept an offer and confirm your place before 20 January 2020 you will be charged the current price. If you accept an offer and confirm your place on or after 20 January 2020 the increased prices will apply and we will issue you with a new offer showing the new prices payable by you.
Class information
| Class hours: |
26 hours per week minimum |
| Maximum class size (for English language teaching): | 18 |
| Class duration: |
Typically held Monday to Friday between 08.00 - 19.00 excluding bank holidays. However, there may be instances where classes need to be held outside these times due to unforeseen circumstances. |
Where will it take me?
Do you want a career in financial management in the global marketplace? If so, then this is the degree for you.
You’ll study topics including corporate finance, financial accounting and international financial management, and will develop your understanding of modern economics including economic modelling and micro- and macro-economic theory.
Plus, the degree offers exemptions for some of the professional examinations of the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants, Association of International Accountants, Chartered Institute of Management Accountants and Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales.
What will I study?
All students complete modules tailored to your chosen degree subjects.
Please note that the module descriptions shown are for the 2019/20 academic year.
How will I be assessed?
Entry to degrees at Newcastle University is highly competitive, so you must maintain high standards throughout your pathway programme.
Your grades during the International Foundation don't count towards your final degree, but your performance will determine if you meet the progression requirements needed.
Throughout your programme you'll be given feedback from teachers to keep you on track. You'll also be assessed through exams and coursework including:
- reports
- field notebooks
- written essays
- practical exercises
- group and individual research projects
- bibliographical searches
- oral and video presentations
- problem solving
How do I qualify?
| English language requirements: |
IELTS 5.5 (with a minimum of 4.5 in any subskill) or equivalent. Some exclusions exist. |
| Age requirements: | 16 years and above All students commencing courses for the September start date must be 16 years old by 1st September of that calendar year. For the June intake for the Extended course, students must be 16 before registering at the centre. For all other start dates, students must be 16 years old by 1st September of the preceding calendar year. __Therefore students must have turned 17 before 1st September of the year they progress to university. __ |
| Academic requirements: | Completion of 12 years of schooling (or the local equivalent to meet the same standard) with good grades. |
| Entry requirements additional information: | For students intending to progress to Newcastle Law School: 3 term: IELTS 6.0 (with a minimum of 5.5 in all subskills) or equivalent 4 term: IELTS 5.5 (with a minimum of 5.0 in all subskills) or equivalent |
Are you top of your class? At INTO Newcastle University, we are committed to awarding gifted international students with academic scholarships, helping them achieve their goals of studying at a world-class university in the UK.
With a range of generous scholarships on offer for the highest-achieving students, you could be eligible to receive up to £20,000 towards your tuition fees.
Dates and prices
| Start date | End date | Course length | Fees |
| 23 September 2019 | 12 June 2020 |
3 Terms
View Term dates |
£18,995 |
| 6 January 2020 | 4 September 2020 |
3 Terms
View Term dates |
£18,995 |
Class information
| Class hours: |
26 hours per week minimum |
| Maximum class size (for English language teaching): | 18 |
| Class duration: |
Typically held Monday to Friday between 08.00 - 19.00 excluding bank holidays. However, there may be instances where classes need to be held outside these times due to unforeseen circumstances. |
Where will it take me?
Do you want a career in financial management in the global marketplace? If so, then this is the degree for you.
You’ll study topics including corporate finance, financial accounting and international financial management, and will develop your understanding of modern economics including economic modelling and micro- and macro-economic theory.
Plus, the degree offers exemptions for some of the professional examinations of the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants, Association of International Accountants, Chartered Institute of Management Accountants and Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales.
What will I study?
All students complete modules tailored to your chosen degree subjects.
Please note that the module descriptions shown are for the 2019/20 academic year.
How will I be assessed?
Entry to degrees at Newcastle University is highly competitive, so you must maintain high standards throughout your pathway programme.
Your grades during the International Foundation don't count towards your final degree, but your performance will determine if you meet the progression requirements needed.
Throughout your programme you'll be given feedback from teachers to keep you on track. You'll also be assessed through exams and coursework including:
- reports
- field notebooks
- written essays
- practical exercises
- group and individual research projects
- bibliographical searches
- oral and video presentations
- problem solving
How do I qualify?
| English language requirements: |
IELTS 5.0 (with a minimum of 4.5 in all subskills) or equivalent. Some exclusions exist. |
| Age requirements: | 16 years and above All students commencing courses for the September start date must be 16 years old by 1st September of that calendar year. For the June intake for the Extended course, students must be 16 before registering at the centre. For all other start dates, students must be 16 years old by 1st September of the preceding calendar year. __Therefore students must have turned 17 before 1st September of the year they progress to university. __ |
| Academic requirements: | Completion of 12 years of schooling (or the local equivalent to meet the same standard) with good grades. |
| Entry requirements additional information: | For students intending to progress to Newcastle Law School: 3 term: IELTS 6.0 (with a minimum of 5.5 in all subskills) or equivalent 4 term: IELTS 5.5 (with a minimum of 5.0 in all subskills) or equivalent |
Are you top of your class? At INTO Newcastle University, we are committed to awarding gifted international students with academic scholarships, helping them achieve their goals of studying at a world-class university in the UK.
With a range of generous scholarships on offer for the highest-achieving students, you could be eligible to receive up to £20,000 towards your tuition fees.
Dates and prices
| Start date | End date | Course length | Fees |
| 23 September 2019 | 4 September 2020 |
4 Terms
View Term dates |
£23,895 |
| 25 June 2020 | 11 June 2021 |
4 Terms
View Term dates |
* |
*Please note the dates and prices for this programme option are not yet confirmed. We will confirm all dates and prices for the academic year 2020-2021 on or before 20 January 2020, with the prices being subject to a maximum increase of up to 5% on the prices for the current academic year. If you submit an application prior to this date and are eligible to be issued with an offer of a place it will contain pricing for the current academic year. If you accept an offer and confirm your place before 20 January 2020 you will be charged the current price. If you accept an offer and confirm your place on or after 20 January 2020 the increased prices will apply and we will issue you with a new offer showing the new prices payable by you.
Class information
| Class hours: |
26 hours per week minimum |
| Maximum class size (for English language teaching): | 18 |
| Class duration: |
Typically held Monday to Friday between 08.00 - 19.00 excluding bank holidays. However, there may be instances where classes need to be held outside these times due to unforeseen circumstances. |
Where will it take me?
Do you want a career in financial management in the global marketplace? If so, then this is the degree for you.
You’ll study topics including corporate finance, financial accounting and international financial management, and will develop your understanding of modern economics including economic modelling and micro- and macro-economic theory.
Plus, the degree offers exemptions for some of the professional examinations of the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants, Association of International Accountants, Chartered Institute of Management Accountants and Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales.
What will I study?
All students complete modules tailored to your chosen degree subjects.
Please note that the module descriptions shown are for the 2019/20 academic year.
How will I be assessed?
Entry to degrees at Newcastle University is highly competitive, so you must maintain high standards throughout your pathway programme.
Your grades during the International Foundation don't count towards your final degree, but your performance will determine if you meet the progression requirements needed.
Throughout your programme you'll be given feedback from teachers to keep you on track. You'll also be assessed through exams and coursework including:
- reports
- field notebooks
- written essays
- practical exercises
- group and individual research projects
- bibliographical searches
- oral and video presentations
- problem solving
How do I qualify?
| English language requirements: |
IELTS 5.5 (with a minimum of 4.5 in any subskill) or equivalent. Some exclusions exist. |
| Age requirements: | 16 years and above All students commencing courses for the September start date must be 16 years old by 1st September of that calendar year. For the June intake for the Extended course, students must be 16 before registering at the centre. For all other start dates, students must be 16 years old by 1st September of the preceding calendar year. __Therefore students must have turned 17 before 1st September of the year they progress to university. __ |
| Academic requirements: | Completion of 12 years of schooling (or the local equivalent to meet the same standard) with good grades. |
| Entry requirements additional information: | For students intending to progress to Newcastle Law School: 3 term: IELTS 6.0 (with a minimum of 5.5 in all subskills) or equivalent 4 term: IELTS 5.5 (with a minimum of 5.0 in all subskills) or equivalent |
Are you top of your class? At INTO Newcastle University, we are committed to awarding gifted international students with academic scholarships, helping them achieve their goals of studying at a world-class university in the UK.
With a range of generous scholarships on offer for the highest-achieving students, you could be eligible to receive up to £20,000 towards your tuition fees.
Dates and prices
| Start date | End date | Course length | Fees |
| 21 September 2020 | 11 June 2021 |
3 Terms
View Term dates |
* |
| 4 January 2021 | 3 September 2021 |
3 Terms
View Term dates |
* |
*Please note the dates and prices for the academic year 2020-2021 are not yet confirmed. We will confirm all dates and prices for the academic year 2020-2021 on or before 20 January 2020, with the prices being subject to a maximum increase of up to 5% on the prices for the current academic year. If you submit an application prior to this date and are eligible to be issued with an offer of a place it will contain pricing for the current academic year. If you accept an offer and confirm your place before 20 January 2020 you will be charged the current price. If you accept an offer and confirm your place on or after 20 January 2020 the increased prices will apply and we will issue you with a new offer showing the new prices payable by you.
Class information
| Class hours: |
26 hours per week minimum |
| Maximum class size (for English language teaching): | 18 |
| Class duration: |
Typically held Monday to Friday between 08.00 - 19.00 excluding bank holidays. However, there may be instances where classes need to be held outside these times due to unforeseen circumstances. |
Where will it take me?
Do you want a career in financial management in the global marketplace? If so, then this is the degree for you.
You’ll study topics including corporate finance, financial accounting and international financial management, and will develop your understanding of modern economics including economic modelling and micro- and macro-economic theory.
Plus, the degree offers exemptions for some of the professional examinations of the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants, Association of International Accountants, Chartered Institute of Management Accountants and Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales.
What will I study?
All students complete modules tailored to your chosen degree subjects.
Please note that the module descriptions shown are for the 2019/20 academic year.
How will I be assessed?
Entry to degrees at Newcastle University is highly competitive, so you must maintain high standards throughout your pathway programme.
Your grades during the International Foundation don't count towards your final degree, but your performance will determine if you meet the progression requirements needed.
Throughout your programme you'll be given feedback from teachers to keep you on track. You'll also be assessed through exams and coursework including:
- reports
- field notebooks
- written essays
- practical exercises
- group and individual research projects
- bibliographical searches
- oral and video presentations
- problem solving
How do I qualify?
| English language requirements: |
IELTS 5.0 (with a minimum of 4.5 in all subskills) or equivalent. Some exclusions exist. |
| Age requirements: | 16 years and above All students commencing courses for the September start date must be 16 years old by 1st September of that calendar year. For the June intake for the Extended course, students must be 16 before registering at the centre. For all other start dates, students must be 16 years old by 1st September of the preceding calendar year. __Therefore students must have turned 17 before 1st September of the year they progress to university. __ |
| Academic requirements: | Completion of 12 years of schooling (or the local equivalent to meet the same standard) with good grades. |
| Entry requirements additional information: | For students intending to progress to Newcastle Law School: 3 term: IELTS 6.0 (with a minimum of 5.5 in all subskills) or equivalent 4 term: IELTS 5.5 (with a minimum of 5.0 in all subskills) or equivalent |
Are you top of your class? At INTO Newcastle University, we are committed to awarding gifted international students with academic scholarships, helping them achieve their goals of studying at a world-class university in the UK.
With a range of generous scholarships on offer for the highest-achieving students, you could be eligible to receive up to £20,000 towards your tuition fees.
Dates and prices
| Start date | End date | Course length | Fees |
| 21 September 2020 | 3 September 2021 |
4 Terms
View Term dates |
* |
| 24 June 2021 | 10 June 2022 |
4 Terms
View Term dates |
* |
*Please note the dates and prices for the academic year 2020-2021 are not yet confirmed. We will confirm all dates and prices for the academic year 2020-2021 on or before 20 January 2020, with the prices being subject to a maximum increase of up to 5% on the prices for the current academic year. If you submit an application prior to this date and are eligible to be issued with an offer of a place it will contain pricing for the current academic year. If you accept an offer and confirm your place before 20 January 2020 you will be charged the current price. If you accept an offer and confirm your place on or after 20 January 2020 the increased prices will apply and we will issue you with a new offer showing the new prices payable by you.
Class information
| Class hours: |
26 hours per week minimum |
| Maximum class size (for English language teaching): | 18 |
| Class duration: |
Typically held Monday to Friday between 08.00 - 19.00 excluding bank holidays. However, there may be instances where classes need to be held outside these times due to unforeseen circumstances. |
Where will it take me?
Do you want a career in financial management in the global marketplace? If so, then this is the degree for you.
You’ll study topics including corporate finance, financial accounting and international financial management, and will develop your understanding of modern economics including economic modelling and micro- and macro-economic theory.
Plus, the degree offers exemptions for some of the professional examinations of the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants, Association of International Accountants, Chartered Institute of Management Accountants and Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales.
What will I study?
All students complete modules tailored to your chosen degree subjects.
Please note that the module descriptions shown are for the 2019/20 academic year.
How will I be assessed?
Entry to degrees at Newcastle University is highly competitive, so you must maintain high standards throughout your pathway programme.
Your grades during the International Foundation don't count towards your final degree, but your performance will determine if you meet the progression requirements needed.
Throughout your programme you'll be given feedback from teachers to keep you on track. You'll also be assessed through exams and coursework including:
- reports
- field notebooks
- written essays
- practical exercises
- group and individual research projects
- bibliographical searches
- oral and video presentations
- problem solving